预测扩大窗血管内血栓切除术的神经影像学适用性

预测扩大窗血管内血栓切除术的神经影像学适用性



目的：血管内血栓切除术（EVT）和组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（tPA）是早期治疗窗内有效的缺血性脑卒中治疗方法。在延长的治疗窗口期内，这些治疗可能提供益处，但CT和MR灌注可能是确定患者资格所必需的。许多医院无法使用先进的成像工具或EVT功能，进一步的患者护理需要转移到具有这些功能的设施。为了帮助转移决策，作者开发了风险指数，可以识别出符合延长窗EVT或tPA的患者。


方法：作者回顾性分析了同时行CTA和灌注的脑卒中患者，并评估了三种可能的转归，这三种转归有利于患者转院。第一个结果是大血管闭塞（LVO）和靶区不匹配（TM），患者距离最后一次已知的正常（LKN）5-23小时。第二个结果是在LKN术后5-15小时出现已知LVO的患者出现TM。第三个结果是从LKN开始4.5-12小时的患者出现TM。作者用α-误差准则为0.05的反向步进法建立了多变量模型，并用C统计量进行了评估。


结果：最终预测因素包括美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）、艾伯塔省卒中项目早期CT评分（ASPECTS）和年龄。预测第一个结果的C统计量为0.71（n=145），第二个结果的C统计量为0.85（n=56），第三个结果的C统计量为0.86（n=54）。在不同的临界点给每个预测因子1分的情况下，得分为3分的第一、第二和第三个结果的真阳性概率分别为80%、90%和94%。


结论：尽管样本量有限，但与基于灌注的检查相比，本研究确定的临床变量准确预测了在一系列临床情景和治疗截止时间内哪些卒中患者会有可挽救的半影（C统计为71%-86%）。在确诊LVO或不太严重的组织不匹配（TM<1.2）的患者中，这种预测得到改善（C统计值为85%-86%）。应使用更大的患者登记来验证和提高这些模型的预测能力。

关键词：急性缺血性中风；血管内血栓切除术；大血管闭塞；灌注成像；靶点错配；组织型纤溶酶原激活剂；血管疾病。

J Neurosurg

. 2021 Feb 26;1-5.    

       doi: 10.3171/2020.8.JNS20386.                            Online ahead of print.                              

Predicting neuroimaging eligibility for extended-window endovascular thrombectomy

Adam de Havenon               1            , Kole Mickolio               1            , Steven O'Donnell               2            , Greg Stoddard               3            , J Scott McNally               4            , Matthew Alexander               4            , Philipp Taussky               5            , Al-Wala Awad               5              

Affiliations

•            PMID:            33636705    

•            DOI:                  10.3171/2020.8.JNS20386        

Abstract

         Objective:                    Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) are effective ischemic stroke treatments in the initial treatment window. In the extended treatment window, these treatments may offer benefit, but CT and MR perfusion may be necessary to determine patient eligibility. Many hospitals do not have access to advanced imaging tools or EVT capability, and further patient care would require transfer to a facility with these capabilities. To assist transfer decisions, the authors developed risk indices that could identify patients eligible for extended-window EVT or tPA.

         Methods:                    The authors retrospectively identified stroke patients who had concurrent CTA and perfusion and evaluated three potential outcomes that would suggest a benefit from patient transfer. The first outcome was large-vessel occlusion (LVO) and target mismatch (TM) in patients 5-23 hours from last known normal (LKN). The second outcome was TM in patients 5-15 hours from LKN with known LVO. The third outcome was TM in patients 4.5-12 hours from LKN. The authors created multivariable models using backward stepping with an α-error criterion of 0.05 and assessed them using C statistics.

         Results:                    The final predictors included the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), and age. The prediction of the first outcome had a C statistic of 0.71 (n = 145), the second outcome had a C statistic of 0.85 (n = 56), and the third outcome had a C statistic of 0.86 (n = 54). With 1 point given for each predictor at different cutoffs, a score of 3 points had probabilities of true positive of 80%, 90%, and 94% for the first, second, and third outcomes, respectively.

         Conclusions:                    Despite the limited sample size, compared with perfusion-based examinations, the clinical variables identified in this study accurately predicted which stroke patients would have salvageable penumbra (C statistic 71%-86%) in a range of clinical scenarios and treatment cutoffs. This prediction improved (C statistic 85%-86%) when utilized in patients with confirmed LVO or a less stringent tissue mismatch (TM < 1.2) cutoff. Larger patient registries should be used to validate and improve the predictive ability of these models.

         Keywords:                    acute ischemic stroke; endovascular thrombectomy; large-vessel occlusion; perfusion imaging; target mismatch; tissue plasminogen activator; vascular disorders.