摘要糖尿病与心力衰竭之间的关系是复杂而双向的。然而,完全可归因于糖尿病的心肌病的存在由于缺乏共识等原因,它仍然是争议的主题释义在物理致病性研究结果方面也没有达成一致意见需要存在于糖尿病心肌病的定义或其分类中,再加上缺乏针对这种疾病的诊断方法和治疗方法,限制了它的一般理解。然而,对糖尿病心肌病的研究表明独特的物理发病机制不同于其他疾病。同样,新的治疗方法已被证明在这种疾病中发挥潜在作用。以下综述提供了有关的最新信息糖尿病性心肌病。糖尿病Miocartiatía diabética恢复糖尿病和糖尿病的关系是一种复杂的疾病。毫无疑问,糖尿病的预防和治疗排斥性疾病的存在是引起争议的原因。Esto es debido,entre otros动机,一种共识的定义。坦波科存在于los hallazgos fisiopatogénicos在分类中介绍了糖尿病患者。Esto,这是一个最新的诊断结果在这一过程中,限制了法律的普遍性。禁运,los estudios糖尿病患者的认知是不同的otras entidades。在管理不善的情况下,新的管理层将在纸上工作潜在的未来。在这一阶段,我们将对实现糖尿病心肌梗死。背景尽管糖尿病与心力衰竭(HF)之间的关系已为人所知多年,但第一作者提及HF与糖尿病之间的显著关联1881.1 1954年,伦德贝克是第一个将糖尿病性心肌病(DCM)具体描述为影响三分之二老年患者的心肌病患有糖尿病。2,3 1972年,鲁布勒展示了尸检扩张型心肌病与糖尿病的相关性糖尿病但无冠状动脉疾病患者的其他疾病动脉疾病,射血分数降低的HF(HFrEF)以及在存在微血管并发症的情况下。4由于那么,DCM有各种各样的定义,5但是仍然缺乏普遍接受的标准条件。大多数定义都是基于临床症状,并且需要在没有其他条件的情况下DCM的诊断。某些定义要求不存在冠状动脉疾病,6而其他人也需要没有动脉高压。7,8其他定义需要没有其他心血管疾病(此外冠状动脉疾病和动脉高血压)如瓣膜性心脏病9,10和先天性心脏病11相比之下,其他作者提出的定义提到病理生理学标准,如心室扩张或肥大、间质纤维化和舒张功能障碍。12,2018年,欧洲心脏病学学会13指出没有DCM的定义。因此,最广泛的定义是指发生在没有其他心血管疾病。7,8尽管如此,考虑到糖尿病,这个定义似乎不现实通常与其他心血管疾病共存,如动脉高血压和缺血性心脏病。14为此因此,一些作者提出将DCM定义为心脏其他心血管疾病或非心血管疾病,可归因于糖尿病15。 研究背景和问题:糖尿病心肌病可能是一个尚未充分了解的疾病,有关于其在糖尿病患者中导致心力衰竭的可疑关系。这个问题需密切关注,因为糖尿病是一个全球性问题,对此更好地理解可以开启特定的治疗方式,改善心衰患者的生活质量。研究方法和实验设计:假设其采用了包括实验室测试、动物模型、甚至可能的患者研究在内的方法。选择的方法应该能有效研究糖尿病和心肌病之间的关系,例如通过检查血糖控制和心肌损伤的程度之间的关联。研究结果和结论:结论可能会具有一些关于糖尿病怎样和心肌病关联的信息,可能会发现血糖水平控制不当可以加重心肌损伤。这个答案不仅有效地应对了研究问题,而且如果牵涉到所有糖尿病患者,意义重大。结果的限制:存在的限制可能包括样本大小和选取,以及其他未考虑到的潜在影响因素,比如饮食、姿态、压力等。是否能够拓展到其他场景或人群取决于研究样本的具体性。研究意义和应用价值:该研究对于糖尿病患者的治疗以及预防心经疾病非常重要。如果能通过控制血糖来防止或减缓心肌病的发展,那么这项研究可能会改变当前的糖尿病患者的管理模式。1. Leyden E. Asthma and diabetes mellitus. Zeitschr Klin Med. 1881;3:358---64.2. Lundbaek K. Diabetic angiopathy: a specific vascular disease. Lancet. 1954;266:377---9.3. Lundbaek K. Is there a diabetic cardiopathy? Pathogenetische Fakt des Myokardinfarkts. 1969:63---71.4. Rubler S, Dlugash J, Yuceoglu YZ, Kumral T, Branwood AW, Grishman A. New type of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Am J Cardiol. 1972;30:595.5. Lorenzo-Almorós A, Tunón J, Orejas M, Cortés M, Egido J, Lorenzo Ó. Diagnostic approaches for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2017;16:28.6. Liu Q, Wang S, Cai L. Diabetic cardiomyopathy and its mechanisms: role of oxidative stress and damage. J Diabetes Investig. 2014;5:623---34.7. Boudina S, Abel ED. Diabetic cardiomyopathy revisited. Circulation. 2007;115(25):32.8. Rydén L, Grant PJ, Anker SD, Berne C, Cosentino F, Danchin N, et al. ESC guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:3035---87.9. Aneja A, Tang WH, Bansilal S, Garcia MJ, Farkouh ME. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: insights into pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic options. Am J Med. 2008;121:748---57.10. Tarquini R, Lazzeri C, Pala L, Rotella CM, Gensini GF. The diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Diabetol. 2011;48:173.11. Matshela M. Second in a series on diabetes and the heart: diabetic cardiomyopathy ---- mechanisms and mode of diagnosis.E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-14/Second-in-aseries-on-diabetes-and-the-heart-diabetic-cardiomyopathymechanisms-and-mode-of-diagnosis. E J Clin Pract ESC. 2016;14.12. Voulgari C, Papadogiannis D, Tentolouris N. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: from the pathophysiology of the cardiac myocytes to current diagnosis and management strategies. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2010;21:883---9.13. Seferovi´c PM, Petrie MC, Filippatos GS, Anker SD, Rosano G, Bauersachs J, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20:853.14. Ofstad AP. Myocardial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2016;76:271.15. Lee MMY, McMurray JJV, Lorenzo-Almorós A, Kristensen SL, Sattar N, Jhund PS, et al. Diabetic cardiomyopathy. Heartheartjnl-2. 2018;105:337---45.16. Thrainsdottir IS, Aspelund T, Thorgeirsson G, Gudnason V, Hardarson T, Malmberg K, et al. The association between glucose abnormalities and heart failure in the population-based Reykjavik study. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:612.17. McMurray J, Packer M, Desai AS, Gong J, Lefkowitz M, Rizkala AR, et al. Baseline characteristics and treatment of patients in prospective comparison of ARNI with ACEI to determineimpact on global mortality and morbidity in heart failure trial (PARADIGM-HF). Eur J Heart Fail. 2014;16:817---25.18. Mcmurray JV, Östergren J, Swedberg PK, Granger CB, Held P, Michelson EL, et al. Effects of candesartan in patientswithchronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolicfunction taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: theCHARM-Added trial. Lancet. 2003;362:767---71.19. Bertoni AG, Tsai A, Kasper EK, Brancati FL. Diabetes and idiopathic cardiomyopathy: a nationwide case-control study.Diabetes Care. 2003;26:279.20. Nichols GA, Hillier TA, Erbey JR, Brown JB. Congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes: prevalence, incidence, and risk factors. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:1614---9.21. Sarma S, Mentz RJ, Kwasny MJ, Fought AJ, Huffman M, Subacius H, et al. Association between diabetes mellitus and postdischarge outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure:findings from the EVEREST trial. Eur Heart J. 2013;15:194---202.22. Kristensen SL, Mogensen UM, Jhund PS, Petrie MC, Preiss D, Win S, et al. Clinical and echocardiographic characteristicsand cardiovascular outcomes according to diabetes status in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction:a report from the I-preserve trial (Irbesartan in Heart Failure with preserved ejection. Circulation. 2017;135:724---35.23. Bertoni AG, Hundley WG, Massing MW, Bonds DE, Burke GLGD. Heart failure prevalence, incidence, and mortality in theelderly with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:699.24. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular andmicrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321:405---12.25. Dei Cas A, Fonarow GC, Gheorghiade MBJ. Concomitant diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Curr Probl Cardiol.2015;40:7---43.26. Maack C, Lehrke M, Backs J, Heinzel FR, Hulot JS, Marx N, et al. Heart failure and diabetes: metabolic alterationsand therapeutic interventions: a state-of-the-art review from the Translational Research Committee of the Heart Failure Association-European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:424.27. Seferovi´c PMPW. Clinical diabetic cardiomyopathy: a twofaced disease with restrictive and dilated phenotypes. EurHeart J. 2015;36:171.28. Ferrannini E, Mark MME. CV protection in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial: a ‘Thrifty Substrate’ hypothesis. Diabetes Care. 2016;39:e226.29. Randle PJ, Garland PB, Hales CNNE. The glucose fatty-acid cycle. Its role in insulin sensitivity and the metabolic disturbances of diabetes mellitus. Lancet. 1963;1:78.30. Bertero EMC. Metabolic remodelling in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2018;15:457.31. Neubauer S. The failing heart ---- an engine out of fuel. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:11.32. Bugger HAE. Molecular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetologia. 2014;57:660.33. Cadenas S. Mitochondrial uncoupling, ROS generation and cardioprotection. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg. 2018;1859:94.34. Lopaschuk GD, Ussher JR, Folmes CD, Jaswal JSSW. Myocardial fatty acid metabolism in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2010;90:207.35. Young ME, Patil S, Ying J, Depre C, Ahuja HS, Shipley GL, et al. Uncoupling protein 3 transcription is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (alpha) in the adult rodent heart. FASEB J. 2001;15:833.36. Cox PJ, Kirk T, Ashmore T, Willerton K, Evans R, Smith A, et al. Nutritional ketosis alters fuel preference and therebyendurance performance in athletes. Cell metab. 2016;24:256.37. Owen Oliver E. Ketone bodies as a fuel for the brain during starvation. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2005;33:246
更多>